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Writer's pictureEllen Anderson

The Three Diaphragms: Understanding Their Interconnected Role in Health and Wellness


As healthcare professionals and yoga practitioners, we often focus on individual body parts or systems. However, understanding the interconnected nature of our body's structures can provide deeper insights into how we function, move, and maintain health. Today, we're exploring the fascinating relationship between the body's three diaphragms and their crucial role in everything from breathing to emotional regulation.


What Are the Three Diaphragms?

The body has three major diaphragmatic structures that work in concert to regulate pressure, maintain stability, and influence our nervous system:

  1. The Laryngeal (Cervical) Diaphragm

  2. The Respiratory Diaphragm

  3. The Pelvic Diaphragm


The Laryngeal Diaphragm

Photo of the laryngeal diaphragm (vocal folds)

Located in the neck, the laryngeal diaphragm consists of several muscles that control the opening and closing of the vocal cords. This structure:


  • Regulates airflow during breathing

  • Protects the airway during swallowing

  • Enables voice production

  • Helps maintain cervical stability

  • Influences vagal tone through its relationship with the vagus nerve


I, Welleschik, CC BY-SA 3.0 <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/>, via Wikimedia Commons



The Respiratory Diaphragm


Image of the trachea, lungs and respiratory diaphragm

The primary muscle of breathing, the respiratory diaphragm is a dome-shaped structure that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. This powerful muscle:


  • Drives the breathing process

  • Helps regulate intra-abdominal pressure

  • Provides core stability

  • Influences lymphatic flow

  • Contains openings for important structures like the esophagus and vagus nerve






The Pelvic Diaphragm


Drawing of the pelvic diaphragm (pelvic floor)

Often called the pelvic floor, this muscular structure forms the bottom of our core cylinder and:


  • Supports pelvic organs

  • Maintains continence

  • Contributes to sexual function

  • Provides stability for the pelvis and lumbar spine

  • Responds to changes in intra-abdominal pressure




The Pressure System Connection

These three diaphragms work together as part of our body's pressure regulation system. Think of your torso as a cylinder with the laryngeal diaphragm at the top, the respiratory diaphragm in the middle, and the pelvic diaphragm at the bottom. When functioning optimally, they coordinate to:

  1. Maintain appropriate pressure gradients throughout the torso

  2. Support efficient breathing patterns

  3. Provide stability for movement

  4. Assist in postural control

  5. Enable fluid dynamics for circulation and lymphatic flow


Stress, Pain, and the Vagus Nerve Connection

The relationship between these diaphragms and our nervous system, particularly the vagus nerve, is fascinating. The vagus nerve:

  • Passes through the laryngeal diaphragm

  • Traverses through the respiratory diaphragm

  • Influences pelvic organ function


When we're stressed, these diaphragms often respond by:

  • Increasing tension in the laryngeal area (that "lump in the throat" feeling)

  • Altering breathing patterns (typically shifting to shallow, upper chest breathing)

  • Creating tension in the pelvic floor


This stress response can lead to:

  • Voice changes

  • Breathing pattern disorders

  • Pelvic floor dysfunction

  • Postural changes

  • Pain patterns throughout the body



The Bandhas and the Three Diaphragms

In yogic tradition, three main bandhas correspond remarkably well to our modern understanding of the three diaphragms:


A drawing of woman sitting in a cross-legged position with locations of the jalandhara, uddiyana and mula bandhas


Jalandhara Bandha (Throat Lock) and the Laryngeal Diaphragm

  • Location: Created by bringing the chin toward the chest while lifting through the sternum

  • Anatomical correlation: Engages the laryngeal diaphragm and surrounding muscles

  • Benefits:

    • Regulates pressure in the cranial cavity

    • Influences vagal tone

    • Supports breath retention practices

    • Helps maintain cervical stability

  • Practice considerations:

    • Often used during pranayama practices

    • Should be practiced with awareness of cervical spine health

    • Particularly important in advanced breathing practices


Uddiyana Bandha (Abdominal Lock) and the Respiratory Diaphragm

  • Location: Created by drawing the abdomen in and up, typically on an empty exhale

  • Anatomical correlation: Involves the respiratory diaphragm and deep core muscles

  • Benefits:

    • Strengthens the diaphragm and core muscles

    • Massages abdominal organs

    • Enhances pressure regulation in the torso

    • Supports spinal stability

  • Practice considerations:

    • Best practiced on an empty stomach

    • Contraindicated during pregnancy and certain health conditions

    • Important for advanced asana practice


Mula Bandha (Root Lock) and the Pelvic Diaphragm

  • Location: Engagement of the pelvic floor muscles

  • Anatomical correlation: Directly corresponds to the pelvic diaphragm

  • Benefits:

    • Supports pelvic organ health

    • Enhances core stability

    • Helps regulate pelvic floor tension

    • Contributes to energy conservation

  • Practice considerations:

    • Should be practiced with awareness of both engagement and release

    • Important for both dynamic movement and static poses

    • Can help address pelvic floor dysfunction when practiced appropriately


Integration of Bandhas in Practice

The traditional practice of combining all three bandhas reflects our modern understanding of how the three diaphragms work together to:

  • Regulate pressure throughout the torso

  • Support optimal breathing patterns

  • Enhance stability during movement

  • Influence autonomic nervous system function


Breathing Practices (Pranayama)

  • Focus on full, three-dimensional breathing that engages all diaphragms

  • Practice extended exhalations to promote vagal tone

  • Include gentle throat-centered practices like ujjayi breath


Asana Practice

  • Incorporate poses that promote optimal alignment of the three diaphragms

  • Include movements that encourage healthy pressure regulation

  • Pay attention to the relationship between head position and pelvic floor engagement


Meditation and Mindfulness

  • Practice body scanning to develop awareness of tension patterns

  • Include practices that promote parasympathetic activation

  • Cultivate awareness of the breath's movement through all three diaphragms



Implications for Yoga Practice

Understanding the three diaphragms can enhance both our teaching and practice of yoga, particularly when we consider their relationship to the traditional bandhas (energetic locks) in yoga.



Clinical Applications

For healthcare professionals, understanding the relationship between the bandhas and the three diaphragms can inform treatment approaches for:

  • Breathing pattern disorders

  • Voice problems

  • Neck pain

  • Low back pain

  • Pelvic floor dysfunction

  • Stress-related conditions

  • Postural issues



Conclusion

The three diaphragms of the body represent a beautiful example of how our body's systems work together to maintain health and respond to stress. By understanding their interconnected nature, we can better appreciate how yoga practices can support their optimal function and contribute to overall well-being.

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